Minor Parties Free Essays

Effect of Minor Parties In this paper, I will talk about the effect of minor gatherings. Minor gatherings are ideological groups who have practically zero effect on decisions because of the measure of supporters as well as cash is placed into the gathering. Be that as it may, in the United States, minor gatherings now and then hugy affect legislative issues and decisions, regardless of whether it’s simply getting their assertion out there and the significant gatherings really tune in and talk about their issues, or they can even change which significant gathering wins the political race. We will compose a custom exposition test on Minor Parties or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now Whatever the case might be, it shows that minor gatherings are similarly as successful as the significant gatherings, despite the fact that they have never ended up as the winner. Because they are minor, doesn't mean they have no state or no effect in government. They are similarly as significant as the significant gatherings, and they ought to consistently be mulled over during political decision time. As I would see it, I think minor gatherings are incredible for this nation. They acquire various perspectives and thoughts, and I like to hear what some of them need to state. The United States is a free nation, and in the primary change of the Constitution, it permits us the privilege of free discourse. This implies anybody can communicate their contemplations and perspectives on pretty much anything, and the minor gatherings do only that. They have gotten a state in legislative issues, and the significant gatherings some of the time bring the minor parties’ issues into conversation since they concur that their issue is a difficult issue, and it should be fixed. I think it’s great that we don’t consistently need to hear a similar exhausting stuff about issues we definitely think about. Despite the fact that they may always lose a presidential political race, in any event there is some gathering out there that comprehends the issues that the significant gatherings nor most of the United States residents never truly contemplated. There has been a long history of minor gathering applicants running for President, beginning with the Anti-Masonic Party drove by William Whit in 1832, and finishing with the Reformist Party drove by Ross Perot in 1996. There have even been exceptionally effective minor gatherings. A few models are Theodore Roosevelt’s Bull Moose Party in 1912, John Breckenridge’s Southern Democrat Party in 1860, and the best and ongoing one within recent memory Ross Perot’s Independent Party in 1992. These gatherings I referenced had an effect on their regarded races, and as a result of them, they got new thoughts and have formed our present government. In this passage, I will talk about the 1992 political decision, and how a minor gathering incredibly affected this political race. In 1992, the Independent Party drove by Ross Perot was clashing with George W. Shrub Sr. of the Republican Party and Bill Clinton of the Democratic Party. Perot was an individual from the Republican Party preceding the political race, but since of his conflicts with both of the parties’ issues, he chose to run as an autonomous. Bramble Sr. was the current President, and was a shoe in for this political decision, but since of Perot’s exchanging of gatherings and how vocal he was, Bush lost supporters, while Perot increased a great deal. Along these lines, Clinton won with just 43% of the mainstream vote, while Bush had about 37%, and Perot had about 20%. This was one of the main occasions a President was chosen into office without the dominant part vote. This turned into the defining moment on how the individuals saw minor gatherings, and from that point onward, the legislature has begun to tune in to their perspectives all the more frequently. There are even two independents in the Senate at this moment, taking the effect of minor gatherings another above and beyond. With these minor gatherings there are supporters of them and there are individuals who are against them. The supporters of minor gatherings in the United States are clearly the minor gatherings themselves and the individuals who bolster them since they need a state in legislative issues so the current government can talk about them, and perhaps change things around a little to their advantage if vital. Another supporter would be the significant party who got into office in a political race due to the minor gatherings in such a case that it weren’t for the minor gatherings and their prominence at that point, the major party’s competitor may have not gotten into office. The individuals who contradict them would presumably be the significant gatherings who lose a political race because of the minor gatherings on the grounds that the minor gatherings screwed them over from winning a presidential political decision. For instance, the Republican Party was more than likely furious at Perot for leaving their gathering, yet additionally costing them the 1992 political decision. The Democrats were clearly glad in such a case that it weren’t for Perot, Clinton would have never been President that year. Taking everything into account, minor gatherings are incredible for our nation. Despite the fact that they always lose, they despite everything affect governmental issues and once in a while the races. The main elective I would recommend would be for the significant gatherings to listen more to the minor gatherings on the grounds that starting at the present moment, no good thing is being accomplished for this nation to be convoluted. There is a lot of partisanship in the administration at the present time, and nobody is eager to work with each other on the grounds that they are just worried about their perspectives and their party’s sees, without contemplating others’ sees. A minor gathering may host a smart thought that the two gatherings like, and it might have the option to bring some bipartisanship back in the administration and even assistance our economy a tad. There is nothing amiss with minor gatherings in this nation, and I trust the significant gatherings tune in to a greater amount of their thoughts later on. Works Cited Leip, David. â€Å"1992 Presidential General Election Results. † US Selection Atlas. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. Lightman, Max. â€Å"The Role of Minor Parties in Politics. † Slideshare. N. p. , 30 Apr. 2008. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. Salka, William M. â€Å"The Impact of Minor Parties on Electoral Competition: An Examination of US. † N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. 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The psp essays

The psp papers Innovation is all over the place is as yet developing at a quick rate. Its all over the place, inside your home, in the road, at the shops, in your vehicle or out in the open vehicle. Innovation is something that is never going to quit developing and it has a significant impact in our lives. Of late, innovation is by all accounts flying through the rooftop with all the new PCs and gaming frameworks being discharged. It is staggering how quick these frameworks are venturing into more up to date, greater and better things. The Sega megadrive; barely any individuals even recollect this framework however this is around where comfort gaming got enormous! This proceeded onward to Super Nintendo that went onto N64 and after that came the Sony playstation. Presently we have such gadgets as the Playsation2 and the XBOX. These are most likely the freshest reassure gadgets to be out as of now yet would we say we were fulfilled by that? No, we are as yet bringing that innovation further by including new programming, better illustrations, and web accessibility. One foreseen comfort which barely any individuals are to think about is the PSP which represents Playstation Portable. Sony is entering the hand held game market in the winter of 2004 with the PSP. It has an illuminated 16:9 widescreen LCD, a Universal Media Device (UMD) which can store 1.8GB of information on a circle that is a large portion of the size of a CD. It will bolster Sony's own ATRAC sound configuration, utilized in Mini Disks. It will likewise have a protected ROM cartridge to help in Anti-Piracy. It will be some time for this to show up in Australia yet will be out in Japan ahead of schedule one year from now. ... <!

Paradise Lost Essay

Heaven Lost is partitioned into twelve books. In Book I Milton clarifies the topic of his work, man’s noncompliance to God, his ejection from Heaven and the tale of the radical blessed messengers sent to Hell. In Book II the blessed messengers meet in gathering to choose what they will do. In Book III God delivers a discourse on man’s opportunity to pick among great and abhorrence. In Book IV Satan watches the satisfaction of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. In Book V God sends Raphael to caution Adam. In Book VI the war in Heaven in depicted. Book VII and VIII recount to the tale of the production of the Earth and the universe. In Book IX Satan convinces Adam and Eve to taste the taboo organic product. In Book X God’s Son articulates the sentence of ejection. In the last two books Adam and Eve relinquish heaven. Heaven Lost is an epic sonnet. Milton picked the epic kind as a result of the significance of the subject. He follows the commonplace epic shows in his perfect work of art, for example, the opening with the announcement of the subject. This epic happens known to man, in Heaven, Hell and Eden. The fundamental characters, God, Satan, Christ, Man and the fallen blessed messengers help the warriors and legends to remember the old style epic, despite the fact that they are progressively philosophical saints. Milton knew the Copernican cosmology yet he based the universe of Paradise Lost on the customary Ptolemaic framework since he believed that this origination was fixed in the brains of the individuals and it included cutoff points inside which it was simpler for him to work. In Milton’s Heaven God made the Earth, fixed in the focal point of the Universe, and he put his life and musings in the normal world with the goal that the outside reality mirrors the awesome soul. In Paradise Lost malicious and great are contradicted. Be that as it may, Satan has numerous qualities of the epic saint, mental fortitude, administration, activity. Milton has compassion toward his Satan since he himself was a revolutionary against the political and strict power. Both Milton and Dante said that their works had divine motivation yet they had differentiating thoughts regarding Satan’s physical appearance and importance. Dante’s Satan turns into a methods for discipline and it looks like a mythic beast, with wings and three heads. Milton’s Satan is an image of God’s equity and it takes a few structures, first it is a fallen blessed messenger, at that point it has a barbaric structure lastly he turns into a snake. The style of the sonnet is raised, the writer utilized another sort of radiant clear section.

Defining The Goals Of A Manager Business Essay - Free Essay Example

A person who works with other people as well as making sure that things are done right and efficiently. What are the functions of a manager? Which is the most important? Explain. A manager; Plan Organize Lead Monitor Planning is the most important of all, because it concerned with the future impact of todays decisions. It is the fundamental function of management from which the other four stem. The need for planning is often apparent after the fact. However, planning is easy to postpone in the short-run. Postponement of planning especially plagues labor oriented, hands on managers. EXPLAIN MINTZBERGS MANAGERIAL ROLES. Figurehead: All social, inspiration, legal and ceremonial obligations. In this light, the manager is seen as a symbol of status and authority. Leader: Duties are at the heart of the manager-subordinate relationship and include structuring and motivating subordinates, overseeing their progress, promoting and encouraging their development, a nd balancing effectiveness. Liaison: Describes the information and communication obligations of a manager. One must network and engage in information exchange to gain access to knowledge bases. Monitor: Duties include assessing internal operations, a departments success and the problems and opportunities which may arise. All the information gained in this capacity must be stored and maintained. Disseminator: Highlights factual or value based external views into the organization and to subordinates. This requires both filtering and delegation skills. Spokesman: Serves in a PR capacity by informing and lobbying others to keep key stakeholders updated about the operations of the organization. Entrepreneur: Roles encourage managers to create improvement projects and work to delegate, empower and supervise teams in the development process. Disturbance handler: A generalist role that takes charge when an organization is unexpectedly upset or transformed and requires calm ing and support. Resource Allocator: Describes the responsibility of allocating and overseeing financial, material and personnel resources. Negotiator: Is a specific task which is integral for the spokesman, figurehead and resource allocator roles. DESCRIBE THE SKILL THAT A MANAGER NEEDS TO HAVE IN OTHER TO ACHIEVE HIS/HER OBJECTIVES. WHICH ONE DO YOU THINK IS THE MOST IMPORTANT AND EXPLAIN? For a manager to achieve his/her objectives, he must have these skills. ÃÆ' ¢- Technical skills : The manager should be proficient at specific tasks. This in turn helps to provide the credibility or knowledge to persuade people to do certain things. ÃÆ' ¢- Human skills : The manager has to know how to work with people. ÃÆ' ¢- Conceptual skills: The manager can see the organization as a whole. In other words, there has to be some ideas of the organization and what it does and how it interacts with other organizations to achieve positivity. Con ceptual skills are used in planning, dealing with ideas and abstractions to make a good decision. In this case, permit me to say that Conceptual skills is the most important of all, hence the most important skill of a manager is to understand people and what makes them motivated to do the work in the achievement of certain goals. 6. Is a sales representative (an entry level job in a making organization) in charge of a territory considered a manager? A sales representative is someone who deals with the customer directly and while a manager is the person who sets the strategic plans, organize, monitor and deriving the company or organization. In this case a sales representative is not in any condition considered the manager. 7. LIST THE SIX MANAGEMENT THEORIES AND DESCRIBE HOW EACH IS USED BY MANAGER TODAY. (i) Contingency Theory: When managers make a decision, they must take into consideration all aspects of the current situation and act on the main situation at hand. Bas ically, it can say to be the approach that it depends. For example, the continuing effort to identify the best leadership or management style might now conclude that the best style depends on the situation. (ii) System Theory: First we define a system: It is an organized or complex whole; A combination of things or part forming a complex or unitary whole. Systems Theory is based upon the analytic division of the natural world into environment and systems. A system can be looked at as having inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes. Systems share feedback among each of these four aspects of the systems. Lets take for instance an organization. Inputs would include resources such as raw materials, money, technologies and people. These inputs go through a process where theyre planned, organized, motivated and controlled, ultimately to meet the organizations goals. Outputs would be products or services to a market. (iii) Chaos Theory: It deals with the changing relationship betwe en order and disorder in the behavior of natural or social systems. It offers management science insight about where and when management control is reasonable or possible and at what scale of organization such control efforts are best directed. In short, the dialectics between freedom and necessity vary across causal fields; (iv) Expectancy Theory: Talking about the mental processes regarding choice, or choosing. It explains the processes that an individual undergoes to make choices. Expectancy theory predicts that employees in an organization will be motivated when they believe that: * putting in more effort will yield better job performance * Better job performance will lead to organizational rewards, such as an increase in salary or benefits * These predicted organizational rewards are valued by the employee in question. This theory emphasizes the needs for organizations to relate rewards directly to performance and to ensure that the rewards provided are those rewards deserved and wanted by the recipients. (v)Path-Goal Theory: The Path-Goal Theory otherwise known as path-goal theory of leader effectiveness was developed to describe the way that leaders encourage and support their followers in achieving the goals they have been set by making the path that they should take clear and easy. The revised version also argues that the leader engages in behaviors that complement subordinates abilities and compensate for deficiencies. (vi)Goal Setting Theory: Setting goals and objectives is considered very important for people to be successful in starting their own business. Looking at how goal setting theory and practical techniques can serve your personal interests. Personal goal setting helps not only your productivity and motivation, but also your self-realization, self-image, self-esteem and confidence. Not only in your job or business, but in all spheres of your life. 8. LIST THE SEVEN DIMENSIONS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND WHIC H YOU BELIEVE IS THE MOST IMPORTANT AND THE REASON FOR YOUR BELIEF. a. Aggressive b. Team Oriented c. Outcome Oriented d. Stable. e. People Oriented f. Innovation g. Detail Oriented Team Oriented (the most important and the reason for my belief) Today in the business world team-oriented work plays vital role; Simply the organizations wont perform but the people. When it comes to people there should be a team individuals cant perform whatever they want in an organization they have to form a team and perform individually as well as teams. 9. RANK THE EIGHT CHARACTERISTICS OF AN INNOVATIVE CULTURE AND YOUR REASONS FOR RANKING THEM IN SUCH ORDER. Challenger, Modifier, Dreamer, Practicalize, Sustainer, Synthesizer, Planner and Innovator. The value of course is in the combinations of each of these orientations within teams and the organization. The Creative Inventory is an on-line questionnaire that enables individuals to identify their own orientation and underlying drivers. When shared with others this becomes a powerful tool that helps understanding and appreciation of the strengths each brings in our world. 10. LIST ALL THE STAKEHOLDERS OF A COMPANY AND STATE WHICH IS THE MOST IMPORTANT IN YOUR VIEW AND WHY? A company shareholders group may include the below as the case maybe depending on the type of company; Director, Management, Suppliers, Government, Employees and the Community. In my own view, Director or board of Directors are the most important of all because a board of directors is a body of elected or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of a company or organization. 11. IF YOU ARE THE CEO OF A GLOBAL CORPORATION, WHICH ONE OF THESE ATTITUDES WOULD YOU ADVOCATE IN YOUR ORGANIZATION- ETHNOCENTRIC, POLYCENTRIC, OR GEOCENTRIC? Geocentric is the best attitude to advocate into my organization. As a CEO of a global corporation it is vital to understand where your business is operating, in or der words I do think geocentric, its a world oriented view that focus on using the best approaches and people from around the globe. 12. Define the following (i) Corporate Social Responsibility: Corporate Social Responsibility provides a practical resource for the ever increasing number of organizations concerned about social responsibilities in the context of sustainable development on economic and are interested in developing tools to improve their performance and accountability in these areas. The focus of the journal is on practical advice for the development of tools, practical case studies and an assessment of the relative strengths and weaknesses of different approaches. It encourages debate over the development of issues as well as monitoring the demands being made of various stakeholder groups. It discusses issues of methodology, principles, practice, science, technology and law. It is a refereed journal and contributions of a high quality aimed at an interdisciplinar y audience are invited. (ii) Ethics: Defining the word itself; Ethics (also known as moral philosophy) is a branch of philosophy which seeks to address questions about morality; that is, about concepts such as good and bad, right and wrong, justice, and virtue as the case may be. 13. OUTLINE THE EIGHT STEPS IN THE DECISION MAKING PROCESS. 14. IF YOU ARE AN ENTREPRENEUR WHO HAS JUST STARTED A COMPANY, WHICH DECISION MAKING STYLE WOULD YOU TEND TO GRAVITATE TOWARDS? EXPLAIN. For a new company to stay on top of its competitors I believe that participative decision making style will be suitable. Participative decision making, as a leader I will involve all members of the organization. Other perspectives of the situation are discovered because the leader deliberately asks and encourages others to participate by giving in their ideas, perceptions, knowledge, and information concerning the task. 14. What are the common decision making errors and biases? How can a manager avo id them? a). Overconfidence bias: This occurs when decision makers tend to think that they know more than they do or hold unrealistically positive views of themselves and their performance. b) Self Serving bias: is where decision makers are quick to take credit for their successes and blame failure on outside factors. c). Availability bias: It occurs when decision makers remember events that are the most recent d). Confirmation bias occurs when decision makers seek out information that reaffirms their past choices and discounts information that is contradictory. e). Selective perception bias: This is when decision makers selectively organize and interpret events based on their biased perceptions.

The Palestine Conflict Of Palestine - 2149 Words

Antecedents of the Israel-Palestine Conflict The Israel-Palestine conflict has afflicted the middle east for over 90 years, acting as a breeding ground for violence and terrorism as well as costing countless of lives throughout the conflict. Israel-Palestine is an 80 mile wide area of land situated in the western Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Egypt to the south, Jordan and Syria to the east, and Lebanon to the north. Today, the crux conflict in Israel-Palestine most publicly materializes in the form of the Palestinian terrorist organization Hamas. The original conflict, though, spans back long before the inception of Hamas. Beginning in Israel-Palestine, this conflict has spread into Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Iraq. The Israel-Palestine conflict spawns from the British’s negligent policies which caused Zionists and Palestinian Nationalists to manifest separate national identities and propagated enmity and hostility between the divergent identities; Fu rthermore, the failure of the outside world and the competing nationalists to understand both or either of the Israeli or Palestinian narratives catalyzed the spread of violence and intolerance and precluded any resolutions. The Israel-Palestine conflict is still continuing undiminished today, terrorizing innocent civilians and forcing politicians to search for solutions. Since October 1, 2016, Palestinian terrorists have orchestrated and conducted 78 stabbings, 46 attempted stabbings, 28 carShow MoreRelatedConflict With Israel And Palestine Conflict Essay1776 Words   |  8 Pagesgets put on the â€Å"back burner† is the conflict with Israel and Palestine. I believe this is because the Israel and Palestine conflict has gone on for so long. So the question is how do you stop the Israel and Palestine conflict? What is a solution? Is there a solution? Over 116,000 Israelis and Palestinians have been killed since the beginning of this bloody conflict. This has to stop. There ne eds to be a resolution. To give you a little background on the conflict. Jews and Arabs have been at each other’sRead MoreIsrael And Palestine Conflict Between Palestine And Israel1303 Words   |  6 PagesSince 1967 the borders between Palestine and Israel have been unfair. The Israeli people have taken a majority of the Palestinians land. This had caused conflict between these two territories for years. The Israel and Palestine conflict has been going on for many decades and nothing seems to be able to solve this issue. All because the Israeli government is very stubborn. They are not willing to make a compromise in this situation. The main issues between the Palestinians and the Israelites are;Read MoreThe Israeli Palestine Conflict And Conflict1430 Words   |  6 PagesIsraeli-Palestine Conflict 4 Location 4 Summary of events 4 Parties concerned 4 Potential solutions 4 Ukraine Crisis 5 Location 5 Summary of events 5 Parties concerned 5 Potential solutions 5 Conflict in the South China Sea 6 Location 6 Summary of events 6 Parties concerned 6 Potential solutions 6 Rankings 7 Bibliography 8  World Map http://www.worldmapsonline.com/images/murals/miller_world_physical_wall_mural_lg.jpg Israeli-Palestine Conflict The Israeli-Palestine conflict is anRead MoreThe Israel-Palestine Conflict3449 Words   |  14 Pagesoffered a plan that would give the Palestinians 95% of the West Bank and all of Gaza, but by then he was a lame duck president with an incoming Republican administration (Morris, p. 4). Many have opined that Arafat simply wasnt willing to end the conflict without destroying Israel. He liked to compare himself to General Washington, but never transitioned to be compared to President Washington. Arafat also tellingly told Clinton at Camp David: I invite you to my funeral. On one level he feared thatRead MoreThe Conflict Between Israel And Palestine968 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough the conflict between Israel and Palestine has been going on for decades and decades, tensions appear to be growing once again due to Israel’s plan of building at least 1,000 housing units in East Jerusalem. Since East Jerusalem has been chosen to be the capital of Palestine, housing Israelis in the eastern part would certainly threaten the viability of the future Palestinian State (Fox News). Seeing that this new conflict has the potential for escalation, Jordan immediately called for anRead MoreThe Conflict Between Israel And Palestine Essay2089 Words   |  9 Pages The conflict b etween Israel and Palestine has raged on since Israel s founding in the 1940s, the solution to this problem is not always straight forward or clear. It seems like everyone has formed their opinions and are stuck in their ways. The United Nations has even seem to accept the conflict as a certainty and for a large part does not wish to address it (Baker). However just because this problem is complex doesn t mean there is no hope for a solution. 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These factors contributed greatly to the contentious argument between both groups because with the geocultural perspective, the religious tensions between Muslims and Jews have resulted in the problematic issue over the holy structures in Jerusalem. The second most contributing factors in the Israel-Palestine conflict were psychological factors. These were the second greatest factors that started the dispute

Taxation Top Tax Rates

Question: Discuss about the Taxation for Top Tax Rates. Answer: Case 1 1. Earning of capital by Fred after selling holiday home Fred purchased the property in the year of 1987 with proper following the rules, regulation, policies and procedures that are primarily imposed by ATO (Ato.gov.au. 2016). All these rules and regulations are required to be strictly followed with proper calculation of the achievements of overall capital amount. Fred purchased the property as an individual and not as some famous organisation and it helped Fred to enjoy some discounted methods and indexation for adequate calculation of gaining of the actual capital. However, there is significant information available regarding the property Fred purchased and it helps this particular individual to calculate the amount of actual capital with relevant using of appropriate methods. The entire process and method of indexation has been used in sum by using the CII in between Feb 1987 quarter and SEP 1999 quarter. However, there are several methods and process of indexation and more or less every method calculates the related expenses and the b asic purchasing price by Fred while this individual decides to purchase property. The calculation of CII from Jan 1990 to Sep 1999 quarter derives the ultimate indexation on the entire development process, which is conducted on Jan 1990 by Fred. The rules, regulation, process and policies differ from one quarter to another (Braverman et al. 2015). However, according to the rules of ATO, the actual method and technique of indexation has been forced mainly after the Sep quarter of 1999. Fred also enjoys discounted methods while purchasing the property and it helps this particular individual to obtain a perfect and decreased taxable income in effective and potential manner. This discounted method also helps Fred to enhance his fundamental retained income. Fred encountered some capital loss in the previous year; therefore, this discounted offer actually helps Fred to regain its some of capital amount with proper indexation method. The amount of the capital loss has been perfectly deducted from the actual income of overall taxable amount, which is generated after the completion of the discounted method (Woellner et al. 2016). As per the guidelines and policies of ATO, discounted methods are appropriate for individual investors in order to reduce the entire taxable amount of these investors. According to Barkoczy (2016), the process of indexation involves a gradual technique in order to adjust the basic payments of income by price index for maintaining the ultimate purc hasing power of an individual after the inflation. It can be observed that a large number of capitals have been gained by Fred only with proper following of the indexation or discounted method. Fred has effectively understood that investing in the purchasing of property is actually investing in the stocks. Lignier and Evans (2012) have mentioned that an investor have to determine and understand the basic value of the purchasing property before investing money on it and the investor should generate approximate amount of profit before purchasing. The effective use of the discounted method actally helps Fred to reduce his overall and primary taxable income and gain more returns from the suitable profit from the sale of Holiday home (refer to Appendix I). The taxable amount consists of 323,500 as per the discounted income. However, there are few scopes of the increments of the indexation method and because of this possibility; the actual taxable amount reaches to 597,346.4. After analysing, it has been proves that the discounted method i s appropriate and profitable in the case of Fred. Frecknall-Hughes and McKerchar (2013) have suggested that all these discounted methods are prepared and arranged only because to help the investors and not the organisations for their business operation. Changes in the net taxable amount in the case of loosing capital from antique The second situation in this case clearly reflects an overall picture of capital loss by Fred and this loss has been generated from the great loss of antique. The capital loss, which has been generated from antique that can be deducted only from the capital gain generating from antique according to the guidelines and policies of Australian Taxation Office (ATO) (Ato.gov.au. 2016). Therefore, Freds entire taxable amount will transform into the present situation and with strict following of the discounted method it will be minimum 333,500. Case 2 a. Explanation of important information of Periwinkle, which is connected with the current consequences of FBT Fringe benefits tax (FBT) involves that tax employers should pay certain benefits to the employees such as, the associates and the family. Kobetsky et al. (2012) have mentioned that this benefit may involve the wages or salary packages. It is clear that it helps to depict overall fringe benefit, which is primarily provided by Periwinkle to Emma, who is an employee of this organisation. The profit is immense according to the policies, rules and regulation of Australian Taxation Office (ATO) (Ato.gov.au. 2016). On the other hand, at least for 336 days the car was used and therefore, the fringe benefit can be calculated on the amount and basis of AU$6,059.02, this is Periwinkles taxable amount (refer to Appendix II). Even the government of Australia transform the process of tax on income with potential help of taxation system of fringe benefit and it has been clearly distributed among the associated employees of an organisation (Apps and Rees 2013). Fringe benefit tax on loan: It has been reflected that Periwinkle might pay fringe benefit tax in order to lend a proper help to the employees. The interest has been calculated because of market share and in Periwinkle case; it is calculated as 5.95% in order to depict the fringe benefit, which is generated from the basic process of loan (refer to Appendix III). The amount of the loan consists of $22,250 from the taxable amount based on fringe benefit. According to Eichfelder and Vaillancourt (2014), fringe benefit tax is completely different from the income tax and can be calculated on the value of taxable amount of the provided fringe benefits. It also helps to reduce any kind of unethical measures perceived by an organisation for achieving more profits from the market and particular industry (Pinto et al. 2013). Fringe benefit tax on discount: The table reveals the fact that fringe benefits offer discounts to the existing employees of Periwinkle (refer to Appendix IV). On the other hand, the actual taxable amount can be calculated with the deduction process of 75% market share. However, this price has to be paid by the staffs of Periwinkle. The balance amount consists of $650, which is taxable under the fringe benefit. Fringe benefit tax, which Periwinkle requires to pay inclusive Goods and services tax (GST) From the table it can be said that the employees of Periwinkles should pay the fringe benefit tax (refer to Appendix V). Furthermore, the basic segregation of the GST includes fringe benefits in free, which is effectively applicable. Freebairn (2012) has mentioned that, there clear and transparent rules and regulation about where to apply GST and where not. Periwinkle follows GST in strict manner in order to carve and understand in detailed manner about the exact and actual taxable amount of an organisation (Hodgson and Pearce 2015). In addition, the minimum taxable amount is all total $28,374.33 and the exact taxable amount Periwinkle should pay before the ending of a fixed period of Australian Taxation Office (ATO) and that is March 31st 2016. b. Providing the transformations that may happen if Emma purchase the share Periwinkle would be listed for the deduction process in fringe benefit tax if Emma has purchased maximum number of shares of this company. However, this will actually decrease the existing liabilities of the available fringe benefit (Lim and Perrin 2014). Even those incomes, which have been generated from the market shares, cannot be treated as taxable amount. The employees of Periwinkle have clearly understood all these benefits. They are not required to pay any kind of taxes for the above-mentioned benefits. On the other hand, the basic income from the market share will be taxable amount for the case of Emma and it will not affect the entire fringe benefit tax of Periwinkles. According to Eccleston (2013), there are huge changes in the policies and guidelines of the fringe benefit tax and it differs from income tax. However, there are certain arguments that market share generated income come under the capital gain tax or income tax (Freudenberg et al. 2012). References Apps, P. and Rees, R., 2013. Raise top tax rates, not the GST.Austl. Tax F.,28, p.679. Ato.gov.au. (2016).How to calculate your FBT | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Available at:https://www.ato.gov.au/General/fringe-benefits-tax-(fbt)/how-to-calculate-your-fbt/ [Accessed 18 Sep. 2016]. Ato.gov.au. (2016).Loan and debt waiver fringe benefits | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Fringe-benefits-tax-(fbt)/In-detail/Employers-guide/Loan-and-debt-waiver-fringe-benefits/?page=8#8_8_Reduction_in_taxable_value_where_interest_would_have_been_deductible_to_employee [Accessed 18 Sep. 2016]. Barkoczy, S., 2016. Core tax legislation and study guide.OUP Catalogue. Braverman, D., Marsden, S.J. and Sadiq, K., 2015. Assessing taxpayer response to legislative changes: A case study of in-housefringe benefits rules.Journal of Australian Taxation,17(1), pp.1-52. Eccleston, R., 2013. The Tax Reform Agenda in Australia.Australian Journal of Public Administration,72(2), pp.103-113. Eichfelder, S. and Vaillancourt, F., 2014. Tax compliance costs: A review of cost burdens and cost structures.Available at SSRN 2535664. Frecknall-Hughes, J. and McKerchar, M., 2013. Historical perspectives on the emergence of the tax profession: Australia and the UK.Austl. Tax F.,28, p.275. Freebairn, J., 2012. Personal Income Taxation.Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy,31(1), pp.18-23. Freudenberg, B., Tran-Nam, B., Karlinsky, S. and Gupta, R., 2012. Comparative Analysis of Tax Advisers' Perception of Small Business Tax Law Complexity: United States, Australia and New Zealand, A.Austl. Tax F.,27, p.677. Hodgson, H. and Pearce, P., 2015. TravelSmart or travel tax free breaks: Is the fringe benefits tax a barrier to active commuting in Australia?. Kobetsky, M., O'Connell, A., Brown, C., Fisher, R. and Peacock, C., 2012.Income Tax: Text, Materials and Essential Cases. The Federation Press. Lignier, P. and Evans, C., 2012, August. The rise and rise of tax compliance costs for the small business sector in Australia. InAustralian Tax Forum(Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 615-672). Lim, N. and Perrin, B., 2014. Standard Business Reporting in Australia: Past, Present, and Future.Australasian Journal of Information Systems,18(3). Pinto, D., Gilchrist, D. and Morgan, A., 2013. A few reflections on the current state of play for not-for-profit taxation arrangements.Taxation in Australia,48(2), p.79. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., 2016.Australian Taxation Law 2016. Oxford University Press.

SUMMARY Essays (2819 words) - Ancient Greek Philosophers, Platonism

SUMMARY Brand Blanshard, a respected philosophy professor, published an essay entitled, The Uses of a Liberal Education, which accounts for a few arguments against a liberal education, but stresses the overwhelming advantages to the same education. According to Blanshard, liberal studies are "the sort of studies that are pursued for their own sake rather than for their utility." (p. 121). The first step Blanshard takes in analyzing the usefulness of a liberal education is to highlight the opposing arguments. First, he examines the price one pays for an education in such subjects as philosophy, mathematics, or history. That price is that of freedom. He enforces this with the idea that 18-year-olds are at the time in their lives where they are entranced by freedom. In studying these tedious subjects, they lose that freedom. His second point is that of the usefulness. He gives multiple examples of men who have changed the face of the earth without education, such as Thomas Edison and Henry Ford. For if it is our purpose to be educated to better our lives materialistically, a liberal education serves no purpose. Thirdly, he highlights languages, explaining that when will any of us need French or Spanish to understand something. Can we not find information in English anywhere? The only worthy case of studying languages is if one intends to live in a foreign country. For the rest of the essay, Blanshard enforces the positives of a liberal education. First, he explores the meaning of usefulness, and comes to the conclusion that usefulness involves "comfort and quiet and richness of the mind, which is simply good." (p. 125). Blanshard, then, highlights three reasons why a liberal education is useful. First, it satisfies our human desire to know. Second, it is useful indirectly through our use of different perspectives. And finally, it "may permeate with its influence all our thought and feeling and action." (p. 124). He concludes this essay by reminding us that "the Greek spirit still remains" (p. 134) and it remains through a liberal education. PLATO "The philosopher doesn't desire one part of wisdom rather than another, but desires the whole thing." (Plato, p. 150). In other words, a liberal education, which enhances the mind's capacity by making available knowledge of various fields of study, is the route the most educated must take. This is the road of the Philosopher King in Plato's world. Plato's world was one where all human's strive for the ultimate from, Good. In this ultimate form one finds various ideas. For example, through the Good, one obtains knowledge of the Truth, Justice, Beauty, Humanness, and gives one the mind/soul, which is an object of knowledge. The first idea Blanshard brings forth in his essay is that "the liberal studies are the sort of studies that are pursued for their own sake rather than for their utility." (p. 121). This, beyond almost anything, coincides with Plato's thoughts. In Book I of the Republic, Socrates, Plato's teacher, discusses the idea of justice with his friends Cephalus, Polemarchus, and Thrasymachus. The most applicable to this particular situation is his conversation with Thrasymachus, where he concludes that justice is never the advantage of the stronger. Plato feels that a leader works for the sake of his servants. He pursues perfection for the sake of something other than self-gratification. If someone pursues a liberal education for its own sake, they are not pursuing it for more money, or to dominate anyone in any way. Therefore, they will not use their power of knowledge in order to harm anyone. They will more or less be benevolent in their use of that knowledge, and use it for the greater goo d. Plato also highlights six subjects of study, which are reserved for the most educated, and so used in the development of tomorrow's leaders, the Philosopher Kings. These subjects are arithmetics, geometry (2-D), solid geometry (3-D), astronomy, harmonics, and the most important of which is dialectics. In studying these particular subjects, Plato is able to develop a leader who is knowledgeable about all things. In Plato's world, these subjects create an atmosphere very similar to that which Blanshard envisions. Blanshard says, "They [men] philosophize because they want to understand the world they live in. I believe that,